Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy | Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Treatment Algorithm and Emerging Therapy Assessment
Corneal dystrophies are a category of rare genetic eye illnesses that cause aberrant material to build in the eye’s clear (transparent) outer layer (cornea). There are around 20 different forms of corneal dystrophies, which can be divided into three groups:
● Anterior or superficial corneal dystrophies affect the epithelium and Bowman’s membrane, which are the cornea’s outermost layers.
● The stroma, or the middle and thickest layer of the cornea, is affected by stromal corneal dystrophies.
● Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy, Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy, Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy, and Schnyder Crystalline Corneal Dystrophy are examples of posterior corneal dystrophies that affect the endothelium and Descemet membrane of the cornea. Fuchs’ dystrophy is the most frequent posterior corneal dystrophy (FED).
Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Signs & Symptoms
The corneal dystrophy system varies according to the type of dystrophy. Some people have no symptoms at all. In others, the cornea becomes opaque due to a build-up of material. This causes eyesight blurriness or loss.
Corneal erosion, which causes mild to severe pain in the eye, light sensitivity, and the sensation that something is in the eye, affects a large number of people.
● Seeing halos around lights.
● Pain or grittiness from tiny blisters on the surface of your cornea.
Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Diagnosis
A corneal endothelial dystrophy diagnosis might be discovered by chance with a normal eye examination. A thorough clinical evaluation, a complete patient history, and a number of procedures, such as a slit lamp examination, allow a physician to observe the eye via high magnification using a special microscope (slit lamp). Even before symptoms appear, molecular genetic studies can be used for corneal endothelial dystrophy diagnosis.
Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Treatment
The most common mode of corneal endothelial degeneration is Fuchs’ dystrophy. Prescription eye drops or ointments are used to relieve discomfort and edoema in the early stages of Fuchs’ dystrophy. Significant corneal scarring, on the other hand, may necessitate a transplant. A complete corneal transplant or an endothelial keratoplasty are the two alternatives (EK).
There is currently no corneal endothelial dystrophy treatment that can stop it from progressing. If subepithelial crystals are obstructing vision, phototherapeutic keratectomy can be used to remove them. In eyes with advanced illness, penetrating keratoplasty can be performed, although the disease may return in the graft.
Furthermore, the majority of cases of Posterior Polymorphous Corneal Dystrophy are asymptomatic and do not require treatment, but the treatment for Congenital Hereditary Endothelial Dystrophy is primarily surgical, either through penetrating keratoplasty (PK) or endothelial keratoplasty (EK).
Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Market
During the projection year, it is projected that the number of diagnosed prevalent instances of Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy will increase in the 7MM, along with an improvement in treatment patterns. The Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy (CED) market size in the seven major markets was found to be USD 5.75 Million in 2017.
Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy Emerging Therapy Assessment
Due to advancements in research and development, the dynamics of the Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy market are expected to change in the future years. Price Vision Group (Rhopressa), Kowa Company (Glanatec), Trefoil Therapeutics (TTHX1114), and others are among the companies working on therapeutics for Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy. Emerging therapies are predicted to be launched between 2021 and 2030, according to the projection.
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